tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-69862033406832801162024-03-08T07:04:25.373-08:00How to write apare essayEasy Topics For An Ethics Papernancysutton1978http://www.blogger.com/profile/13466797144595454527noreply@blogger.comBlogger16125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6986203340683280116.post-6954608551614384272020-08-22T17:09:00.001-07:002020-08-22T17:09:33.775-07:00Chemistry thermo lab, Hesss Law Essay Example for FreeScience thermo lab, Hesss Law Essay Presentation: In this lab, we will decide the adjustment in enthalpy for the burning response of magnesium (Mg) utilizing Hessââ¬â¢s law. Technique: 1. Respond around 100 mL of 1.00 M hydrochloric corrosive with 0.80 g of MgO. Note the adjustment in temperature and any subjective information. 2. Respond around 100 mL of 1.00 M hydrochloric corrosive with 0.50 g of Mg. Note the adjustment in temperature and any subjective information. Crude Data: Quantitative: Response, preliminary Mass (à ± 0.01 g) Introductory temperature (à ± 0.1㠢â ° C) Last temperature (à ± 0.1㠢â ° C) Volume of HCl (à ± 0.05 mL) Response 1, Trial 1 0.80 22.0 26.9 100.00 Response 1, Trial 2 0.80 22.2 26.9 100.00 Response 2, Trial 1 0.50 21.6 44.4 100.00 Response 2, Trial 2 0.50 21.8 43.8 100.00 Subjective: 1. Hydrochloric corrosive is lackluster and scentless 2. Magnesium tape is gleaming in the wake of cleaning it from oxidants, expanding its virtue. 3. In the two responses, the arrangement turned out to be bubbly. 4. There was a solid smell from the response. Information Processing: Preliminary 1: Response 1: To begin with, we need to compute the ÃT by deducting the last temperature by beginning temperature: 1. 2. 3. Presently we compute the mass of the arrangement, accepting it has the thickness as water: 1. 2. 3. 4. Presently, we can utilize q=mc ÃT to compute the vitality picked up by the arrangement: 1. 2. 3. Accordingly: 1. Presently, we need to compute the quantity of moles for MgO: 1. 2. 3. We would now be able to compute the adjustment in enthalpy by isolating the q of the response by the moles of the constraining reagent: 1. Presently, we do response 2, preliminary 1 so we can utilize Hessââ¬â¢s law to compute the adjustment in enthalpy of arrangement, yet first we will figure the vulnerability in this articulation: To begin with, we compute the vulnerability for the: 1. 2. 3. Presently for mass: 1. 2. With respect to the vitality picked up: 1. 2. Presently for the vitality of the response: 1. It is increased by a whole number (- 1) so it is the equivalent unc. With respect to the moles: 1. 2. At long last, the adjustment in enthalpy: 1. 2. 3. Response 2: To begin with, we need to figure the ÃT by deducting the last temperature by introductory temperature: 1. 2. Presently we compute the mass of the arrangement, accepting it has the thickness as water: 1. 2. 3. Presently, we can utilize q=mc ÃT to compute the vitality picked up by the arrangement: 1. 2. Accordingly: 1. Presently, we need to compute the quantity of moles for MgO: 1. 2. We would now be able to figure the adjustment in enthalpy by isolating the q of the response by the moles of the constraining reagent: 1. I will currently compute the vulnerabilities: In the first place, we figure the vulnerability for the: 1. 2. Presently for mass: 1. 2. With respect to the vitality picked up: 1. 2. Presently for the vitality of the response: 1. It is increased by a whole number (- 1) so it is the equivalent unc. With respect to the moles: 1. 2. At last, the adjustment in enthalpy: 1. 2. 3. Presently, we use Hessââ¬â¢s law to figure the difference in enthalpy of arrangement: 1. MgO(s) + 2HCl(aq) MgCl2(aq) + H2O(l) 2. Mg (s) + 2HCl(aq) MgCl2(aq) + H2 (g) 3. H2(g) + 0.5 O2(g) H2O(l) (given) By turning around response number 1, we can get our focused on response: Mg (s) + 0.5 O2(g) MgO(s) Presently to compute the difference in enthalpy, which will be the difference in enthalpy of arrangement? 1. 2. Our conclusive outcome is: 1. Mg (s) + 0.5 O2(g) MgO(s) Arbitrary blunder and percent mistake: We can figure the arbitrary blunder by simply including the irregular mistakes of the part responses: 1. 2. 3. Concerning the percent blunder: 1. 2. 3. Preliminary 2: Response 1: To start with, we need to compute the ÃT by taking away the last temperature by introductory temperature: 1. 2. Presently we ascertain the mass of the arrangement, accepting it has the thickness as water: 1. 2. 3. Presently, we can utilize q=mc ÃT to ascertain the vitality picked up by the arrangement: 1. 2. 3. Hence: 1. Presently, we need to ascertain the quantity of moles for MgO: 1. 2. 3. We would now be able to compute the adjustment in enthalpy by separating the q of the response by the moles of the constraining reagent: 1. Presently, we do response 2, preliminary 1 so we can utilize Hessââ¬â¢s law to ascertain the adjustment in enthalpy of development, yet first we will compute the vulnerability in this articulation: To begin with, we figure the vulnerability for the: 1. 2. 3. Presently for mass: 1. 2. With respect to the vitality picked up: 1. 2. Presently for the vitality of the response: 1. It is duplicated by a whole number (- 1) so it is the equivalent unc. With respect to the moles: 1. 2. At long last, the adjustment in enthalpy: 1. 2. 3. Response 2: To begin with, we need to compute the ÃT by deducting the last temperature by beginning temperature: 1. 2. Presently we compute the mass of the arrangement, expecting it has the thickness as water: 1. 2. 3. Presently, we can utilize q=mc ÃT to compute the vitality picked up by the arrangement: 1. 2. Consequently: 1. Presently, we need to compute the quantity of moles for MgO: 1. 2. We would now be able to compute the adjustment in enthalpy by isolating the q of the response by the moles of the constraining reagent: 1. I will presently compute the vulnerabilities: Initially, we ascertain the vulnerability for the: 1. 2. Presently for mass: 1. 2. Concerning the vitality picked up: 1. 2. Presently for the vitality of the response: 1. It is duplicated by a number (- 1) so it is the equivalent unc. Concerning the moles: 1. 2. At long last, the adjustment in enthalpy: 1. 2. 3. Presently to ascertain the difference in enthalpy, which will be the difference in enthalpy of arrangement: 1. 2. Our conclusive outcome is: 1. Mg (s) + 0.5 O2(g) MgO(s) Irregular mistake and percent blunder: We can compute the irregular blunder by simply including the arbitrary mistakes of the segment responses: 1. 2. 3. With respect to the percent mistake: 1. 2. 3. Prepared information: Preliminary 1 Preliminary 2 of response 1 - 104 kJ/mol (à ± 2.10%) - 99 kJ/mol (à ± 2.19%) of response 2 - 463 kJ/mol (à ± 0.509%) - 446 kJ/mol (à ± 0.525%) of MgO - 645 kJ/mol (à ± 2.61%) - 633 kJ/mol (à ± 2.72%) End and Evaluation: In this lab, we decided the standard enthalpy change of arrangement of MgO utilizing Hessââ¬â¢s law. To begin with, we responded HCl with MgO for the main response and got - 104 kJ/mol (à ± 2.10%) for preliminary 1 and - 99 kJ/mol (à ± 2.19%) for preliminary 2. Concerning response 2, where you respond, I got - 463 kJ/mol (à ± 0.509%) for preliminary 1 and - 446 kJ/mol (à ± 0.525%) for preliminary 2. At the point when we use Hessââ¬â¢s Law, we need to invert response 1 to get the focused on condition, Mg (s) + 0.5 O2(g) MgO(s), and we get an enthalpy change estimation of - 645 kJ/mol (à ± 2.61%) for preliminary 1, and - 633 kJ/mol (à ± 2.72%) for preliminary 2. For preliminary 1, my worth got a percent mistake of 7.14%, which isn't that terrible considering the shortcomings this lab had that will be examined in the assessment. Be that as it may, in preliminary 2, I showed signs of improvement percent mistake, which is 5.15%, we showed signs of improvement esteem since we had a greater ÃH values hence while including them (since one of them is sure and the other two is negative) we get a littler incentive for the enthalpy change of arrangement subsequently carrying us closer to the hypothetical worth. The greatest shortcoming in this lab was the polluting influence of the substances, the presumptions that we made about the HCl arrangement, for instance, we expected that the particular warmth limit of the arrangement is equivalent to water, which is a suspicion that is anything but a 100% exact and influenced our ÃH esteems for the two responses and inevitably our last ÃHf esteem. To fix this, In the distinctive scope of explicit warmth limit esteems, 4.10 j/g k would have been progressively fitting to draw nearer to our hypothetical qualities, as you get a greater qrxn values along these lines greater ÃH values. Something else that I saw is that the hypothetical worth that I got was the ââ¬Å"Standardâ⬠enthalpy change of arrangement. Standard significance at standard conditions which are at 293 K and 101.3 kPa for pressure. These werenââ¬â¢t the conditions in the lab when I did the test. This may change the trial esteem nearer to the hypothetical worth lessening the percent blunder. nancysutton1978http://www.blogger.com/profile/13466797144595454527noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6986203340683280116.post-29056932318512460342020-08-21T14:51:00.001-07:002020-08-21T14:51:26.656-07:00Hotel and Hospitality Management Experienced EmployeesQuestion: Examine about the Hotel and Hospitality Management for Experienced Employees. Answer: Presentation Crown tries to empower and advance its arrangement of decent variety and value by finding a way to hold and pull in qualified and experienced workers, Board of individuals, and senior administration. It takes out unjustifiable, unseemly, and fake obstructions every now and then. In addition, Crown makes exacting move against wrong practices at working environment, for example, badgering and segregation. It gives adaptability and makes a working environment culture that is comprehensive and qualities the individuals who are committed. The Company attempts to round out the situation based on merit. Additionally, the organization offers preparing and improvement program for its workers so as to create specialized, authority, and the executives abilities (Crownresorts.com.au, 2016). The enrollment, preparing, progression the board, value, and decent variety arrangements embraced by Crown are especially compelling as mindfulness is created among workers because of preparing. Such arrangements of Crown help to hold representatives and furthermore help in the vocation development of the workers. English language learning classes are likewise viable as it improves the composed and oral aptitudes of representatives. Such preparing and advancement projects would be valuable over the long haul (Bond and Haynes 2014). To hold representatives, Crown must distinguish the necessities of the workers and take quantifies in like manner. The Company can build up an employing methodology to expand decent variety of workforce. It is essential to interface with the representatives. It is similarly critical to request referrals from the representatives to expand the workforce. Additionally, the Company and build up an equivalent open door work that follows the rules set up by the administration. In addition, workers must not be segregated based on their station, sex, ethnicity, or age. The approaches embraced by the organization must be actualized. References Bond, M.A. also, Haynes, M.C., 2014. Work environment decent variety: A socialecological system and strategy implications.Social Issues and Policy Review,8(1), pp.167-201. Crownresorts.com.au. (2016). Crown - Crown Resorts. [online] Available at: https://www.crownresorts.com.au/[Accessed 18 Nov. 2016]. nancysutton1978http://www.blogger.com/profile/13466797144595454527noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6986203340683280116.post-26973574989351369412020-06-04T03:54:00.001-07:002020-06-04T03:54:02.304-07:00Moral Hierarchy Society and Love in Austens Pride and Prejudice - Literature Essay Samples Moral Hierarchyby Katherine ShepherdApril 11, 2002Jane Austens Pride and Prejudice captures the essence of English Regency society while using unique characterizations to illustrate the effects of society on the individual. The evolution of one of Austens most prominent characters, Fitzwilliam Darcy, highlights the difficulty of overcoming societys rigid class distinctions, proving that any attempt to thwart love is in vain. Over the course of the novel, Darcy undergoes a remarkable transformation. The pressures of the strictly regimented, class-governed society form the foundations of Darcys contemptuous character at the start of the novel. As he finds himself challenged by the power of love, however, Darcy begins to abandon his need to maintain superior societal status and allows himself to be persuaded by his natural inclinations. Darcys evolution continually challenges our initial perceptions, offering a vivid depiction of the inner struggle between vanity and morality. His char acter serves to illustrate Austens belief that while social forces may hinder love, an individual can be free to experience loves splendor if he is able to overcome his prejudices. Ultimately, it is Darcys decency and integrity that prevail over his need to conform to societal expectations, and this realization finally enables him to surrender to his desire. In the beginning of the novel, Darcy is a man whose life is dominated by his prejudices. His provincial views make it impossible for him to involve himself with a woman of lower social status. The primary indication of his foolishness occurs when he heartlessly rejects his admirer, Elizabeth, entirely based on her lower social standing. Lacking tenderness and infused with pride, Darcy cannot and will not be seen with a woman who is disdained by other men of his standing. To do so would be suicide to his reputation, and it is his reputation that he values above all else. His pride and refusal to go against the grain of society bl ind him from recognizing Elizabeths charm and radiant beauty. As the plot develops, it becomes clear that Darcy is falling victim to the powerful pull of love, and it is increasingly more difficult for him to sustain his rigid priorities. His revelation is best described in the narrative: no sooner had he made it clear to himself and his friends that she had hardly a good feature in her face that he began to find it was rendered uncommonly intelligent by the beautiful expression of her dark eyes. This discovery takes place at the exact moment when Darcy abandons his critical eye, and allows his pride to take second place to his passion. Elizabeths physical flaws are no longer viewed as failings, but rather as elements that serve only to illuminate her true perfection. Darcys sincere appreciation for Elizabeths unfashionable manner entirely changes his disposition. Darcy experiences no small amount of guilt and regret when he ultimately comes to recognize the severity of his prejudic es, and desperately attempts to compensate for his earlier ignorance by professing his love for Elizabeth. Nevertheless, he subconsciously stumbles over his pride and dwells on her inferiority rather than expressing his sincere admiration and highlighting her attractive qualities. Elizabeth remains blind to Darcys newfound righteousness, viewing his proposition as an insult and holding on tightly to her original skepticism. Though Elizabeth coldly rejects his proposal with so little endeavor at civility, the event marks the turning point in the novel, when virtue triumphs over vanity. It is undoubtable that Darcys revelation is responsible for his dramatic character transformation. The elite society in which Darcy was raised instilled within him a hierarchical sense of superiority and a fixed code of conduct that dominated every aspect of his interpersonal relationships. Darcy is, initially, a reflection of the elite population that chooses to remain faithful to this code of conduct even if it flies in the face of true passion. True love, however, reveals itself to be the single most influential force on Darcys psyche. Love challenges him to question his need to conform to the dictates of society, and it is the only force powerful enough to alter his judgment. Elizabeth cannot fathom the notion that his transformation has taken place in the name of love, and she doubtfully remarks, Why is he so altered? From what can it proceed? It cannot be for me, it cannot be for my sake that his manners are thus softened. My reproofs at Hunsford could not work a change such as this. In truth, however, it is Elizabeth who is chiefly responsible for Darcys alteration, and his change eventually prompts her to recognize her own vanity and folly. Until each of the characters casts aside his or her own prejudices, they are unable to admit their love for one another. Darcy and Elizabeths relationship stands as evidence that even in a society where love and marriage are ruled by class distinctions, it is not impossible to overstep the bounds of discrimination and find a love that is not permeated by superficiality. While it is unlikely that one will entirely forsake all rudimentary biases for the mere idea of love, it is still possible that these prejudices can be overcome. Although Darcy and Elizabeth are very much aware of the social pressures that surround them, they do not allow these burdens to impede their love. It is their strength of character that allows them to escape the social norms and dictate the course of their own fate. nancysutton1978http://www.blogger.com/profile/13466797144595454527noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6986203340683280116.post-12779584627495645422020-05-06T18:38:00.001-07:002020-05-06T18:38:14.591-07:00Pessimism In Clocks And Lovers By W. H. Auden - 934 Words The world is full of optimistic people who have plenty of hope for the future, but it is also full of pessimists who are there to bring those optimists back to earth. In Clocks and Lovers by W. H. Auden, the clocks are the pessimists and the lover is the optimist. By using exaggerations and personification, Auden contrasts the two personalities with an interesting twist. The optimistic lover floats high above the clouds in a daydream of his own, saying his love will never end, while the clocks, or pessimists, constantly remind him of reality. While the lover is under the illusion that love outlasts time, the omniscient clocks ruin his fantasy with the reality that Time will always win in the end. W. H. Auden uses personification in hisâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦W. H. Auden also uses personification with the lover in the fifth stanza, ââ¬Å"And the seven stars go squawking / Like geese about the sky.â⬠These two lines are a simile as well as personification, but the lover is still using personification to show his undying love toward his beloved. Later in the poem, after the clocks have discouraged the lover with their harsh reality, the lover describes a glacier knocking in the cupboard, a desert sighing in the bed, and a crack in the tea-cup that opens up a ââ¬Å"lane to the land of the dead.â⬠This stanza depicts part of an old and broken down house that is a symbol for his dried out love. With the personification of the glacier and the desert, Auden gives the reader an idea of a trapped glacier and a worn out desert that circles back to the love the lover used to have. At this point, the clockââ¬â¢s predictions have come true and the loverââ¬â¢s love has dried out, just like the desert mentioned in the poem. The glacier ââ¬Å"knocking in the cupboardâ⬠represents the loverââ¬â¢s trapped state in the love he has promised would be forever. The clocks also use exaggeration to drive their point home. By using hyperboles to push their reminder of death farther than is needed, the clocks force their point into the loverââ¬â¢s mind. The clocks remind the lover ââ¬Å"O let not time deceive you, nancysutton1978http://www.blogger.com/profile/13466797144595454527noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6986203340683280116.post-74063238970780160782020-05-05T23:39:00.001-07:002020-05-05T23:39:19.902-07:00Aristotle Aristotle-The Politics Essay Aristotle believes that the chief ingredient for a life of happiness is virtue. Virtue is a state of the soul that disposes and prompts our actions and is meant to guide our behaviors in society and enable us to practice moderation. Aristotle believes that human happiness, which is not to be equated with the simple-minded pursuit of pleasure, stems from fulfilling human potentialities. These potentialities can be identified by rational choice, practical judgment, and recognition of the value of choosing the mean instead of extremes. The central moral problem is the human tendency to want to acquire more and to act unjustly whenever one has the power to do so. According to Aristotle happiness is the highest good and the goo life comes from the realization and perfect practice of virtue.In order to lead a life of goodness there must be a foundation of adequate health (goods of the body), adequate wealth (external goods, property), and goods of the soul (virtue, wisdom). People think that a moderate amount of virtue is enough, but set no limit to their desires of wealth and property, power, reputation, and all such things.. . i.e. of external goods. (1323 a35-40) Happiness is more often found in those who are cultivated in their mind and in their character, and have only a moderate share of external goods, than among those who possess extensive external goods but are lacking in higher qualities. The good life you lead or experience is an inner sense of well being. This is the active life of virtue and this is all for the sake of the soul. We may therefore join in agreeing that the amount of happiness which falls to each individual man is equal to the amount of his goodness and his wisdom, and of the good and wise acts that he does. 1323b21 Aristotle said we must act naturally in order to be happy. He believes nature is our guide and that nothing is good which is contrary to nature. According to Aristotle there are two types of reason that, if used well, will make you happy. The first type is calculative reason. Calculative reason is practical wisdom which leads to moral virtue. Included in the Aristotelian moral virtues are temperance, courage, liberality, gentleness, and proper pride. The idea behind this kind of practical wisdom involves knowing how to allocate time judging the right moment to switch back and forth between practical action and intellectual activity, so as to strike the right balance between means and ends. The second type of reason is speculative reason, which is used to deduce the true nature of reality. Speculative reason is also referred to as scientific reason. There are four ways Aristotle thinks it is important to use scientific reason to really know happiness. The first is thought. We are most like the gods when we use thought. Second is that the quality of the pleasures one pursues must be marvelous in purity and duration. Third is independent thought or self-sufficiency. The fourth is that the process of learning is a joy and is rewarding in and of itself. Thus reason, if exercised well, will bring happiness and well-being. Use your reason well and you will be fulfilled. (Kaplan lecture, October 2000) Another important ingredient in the pursuit of happiness is leisure. There must be adequate free time to organize ideas and grow our knowledge or speculative reason. The city or ideal polis facilitates the nature of a good life. A good life is a life of active goodness involving fortitude, temperance, justice and wisdom. Aristotle is clearly against imperialist and military cities because he believes they are unjust, however he believes fortitude is a virtue because a collective readiness to defend ones country is required (but not desirable). The ideal city should not be overly populous one so that top citizens can be properly acquainted with one another. The ideal polis maximizes the opportunity for its citizens to display goodness and afford happiness. .ud62290d93549ba901cefeec22a8a3d95 , .ud62290d93549ba901cefeec22a8a3d95 .postImageUrl , .ud62290d93549ba901cefeec22a8a3d95 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ud62290d93549ba901cefeec22a8a3d95 , .ud62290d93549ba901cefeec22a8a3d95:hover , .ud62290d93549ba901cefeec22a8a3d95:visited , .ud62290d93549ba901cefeec22a8a3d95:active { border:0!important; } .ud62290d93549ba901cefeec22a8a3d95 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ud62290d93549ba901cefeec22a8a3d95 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ud62290d93549ba901cefeec22a8a3d95:active , .ud62290d93549ba901cefeec22a8a3d95:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ud62290d93549ba901cefeec22a8a3d95 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ud62290d93549ba901cefeec22a8a3d95 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ud62290d93549ba901cefeec22a8a3d95 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ud62290d93549ba901cefeec22a8a3d95 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ud62290d93549ba901cefeec22a8a3d95:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ud62290d93549ba901cefeec22a8a3d95 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ud62290d93549ba901cefeec22a8a3d95 .ud62290d93549ba901cefeec22a8a3d95-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ud62290d93549ba901cefeec22a8a3d95:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Counseling Psychology Graduate Admissionss Essay In the ideal polis, the foundation of the ideal social structure is based on serfs and slaves. That is, it is implicit in Aristotles conception of the good life that not everyone is meant to achieve goodness and that these people are better off serving those who can. Elite citizens own property, but it is the slaves and serfs that farm and run this property, and do all the necessary work that is not associated with political activity. In the ideal state the elite citizens always have time for leisure activities and political activities thanks to serfs and slaves. Leisure is based on participation in political activities, recreation (rest and rejuvenation) and cultivation of the mind. Public service is part of life in the ideal polis but it is important to note that these political activities always include time for leisure. During the younger years one engages in civil activities including military and defense. The middle years are devoted to government. During the older years one is to be responsible for the conduct of public worship in the church. In accordance with his goal of goodness for full citizens, Aristotle has a unique approach to the proper use of land to help create equality in society. In this ideal world the soul and body are taken care of by the city. To accomplish this he believes that the top citizens should not be committed to one type of land use but instead they should have public land and private land. Public land is to be used for service of the gods, and provides food and income for the clergy. Public land also facilitates collective feeding, a system of common meals available for citizens and their family (adequate health). Because land near the border is more likely to be taken over by neighboring states private land is separated into two plots. One plot near the center of the city and one plot of land close to the border. This would allow each citizen adequate wealth and help with foreign affairs. A state cannot be happy unless it prospers and Aristotle argues that the above system will lead to prosperity and virtue. Finally, Aristotles education system is required to obtain his goal of active goodness. First, a uniform system of public education prepares one for military service. There are four phases in Aristotles system and the purpose of his curriculum is to foster moral virtue, useful knowledge and readiness for the proper use of leisure. The first stage is early childhood which begins at birth and continues until age seven. During this stage training is done at home because it is important that kids start with the right familial influence. Aristotle favors censorship, and does not want small children exposed to foul language (he actually punished people for using profanity. ) Furthermore, if home, the young cannot mingle with the slaves and contract slave-like habits. The second phase comes at age seven through puberty. The emphasis here is on physical training with a focus on the development of courage. The aim here is to be physically fit and capable of military service and not be burdened by mental activities. Aristotle does not want to burden adolescents by dividing their time between training of the mind and training of the body. The next educational phase attacks the mind and begins during puberty. Here the emphasis shifts to the mind with training in reading, writing, drawing and music. Phase four begins early in the high school years. The aim of this training is preparation for the military and includes hard physical training and a strict diet. According to Aristotle a proper social structure and education system will result in a life of active goodness for the individual and the collective society. nancysutton1978http://www.blogger.com/profile/13466797144595454527noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6986203340683280116.post-18594113169916058822020-04-19T07:17:00.001-07:002020-04-19T07:17:03.193-07:00Mercedes Benzs E-Biz Solution Essay ExampleMercedes Benzs E-Biz Solution Essay Free Case Study | Mercedes Benzs E-Biz Solution: The Factory Delivery Reservation System | Free | Case Studies | Case Study in Business, Management Case Details Themes: e-Supply Chain Management Case Length: 06 Pages Period: 1990-2001 Organization : SciQuest. com Pub Date : 2002 Teaching Note : Available Countries : USA Industry : Information Technology (Electronic Commerce) Mercedes Benzs E-Biz Solution: The Factory Delivery Reservation System One of our most fundamental goals in developing the system was to strengthen and market the Mercedes-Benz brand in the United States. The fact that we would be one of the first car manufacturers in the United States to have a factory delivery program would be seen as a very positive thing in this regard. William Engelke, Assistant Manager, IT Systems, Mercedes Benz US International, commenting on the FDRS. Linking Customers By 2000, Mercedes Benz United States International (MBUSI), builder of the high-quality MClass sports utility vehicle (SUV), established itself as a company that also delivered superior customer services. One such service was the delivery option where by the customer could take delivery of the vehicle at the factory in Alabama, US. We will write a custom essay sample on Mercedes Benzs E-Biz Solution specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Mercedes Benzs E-Biz Solution specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Mercedes Benzs E-Biz Solution specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The program called the Factory Delivery Reservation System (FDRS), enabled MBUSI to create and validate 1800 orders per hour. FDRS also automatically generated material requirements and Bills of Material1 for 35,000 vehicles per hour. The Customer Relationship Management (CRM) solution that made FDRS possible was based on Lotus Domino2 and IBM Netfinity3 server4. Analysts felt that with its innovative use of the new program, MBUSI not only managed to improve its customer relations by providing the best service, but also demonstrated its commitment to customers by making them an integral part of the process. Customers were, in a way linked directly to the factory floor ââ¬â which was a powerful sales tool. Background: Mbusi and its Business Challenges MBUSI was a wholly-owned subsidiary of DaimlerChrylser AG. 5 In 1993, Daimler Benz realized that the Benz brand could be extended to wider market segments. Traditionally, Mercedes Benz6 appealed to older and sophisticated customers only. Daimler Benz wanted to attract customers below 40 years of age, who wanted a rugged vehicle with all the safety and luxury features of a Mercedes. Daimler Benz decided to develop a SUV known as the M-Class. It expected strong demand for the new vehicle and therefore planned to build its first car-manufacturing facility ââ¬â MBUSI ââ¬â in the (Tuscaloosa, Alabama) US. The MBUSI facility had many advantages. First, labor costs in the US were almost half that of in Germany. Second, the US was the leading geographic market for SUVs. Third, as the vehicles were assembled in the US, they could be distributed to Canada and Mexico more efficiently. In January 1997, the factory started production at partial capacity and by the end of the year, it was producing at full capacity. By 2000, the factory was rolling out around 380 vehicles per day. The new M-Class ââ¬Å¾allactivityvehicle represented a new concept for the company. Also, mass customization required that each vehicle be treated as a separate project, with its own Bill of Material. To deal with these challenges, Daimler Benz decided to implement an enterprise wide Information Technology (IT) system, with the help of IBM Global Services7. To further strengthen the image of Mercedes Benz in the US, MBUSI planned to deliver vehicles at the factory, becoming the first international automobile manufacturer in the US to do so. MBUSI also wanted to enrich the customersexperience. Commented William Engelke, ââ¬Å"The factory delivery option gives Mercedes-Benz customers something that they do not get from other automobile manufacturers which is why we think the program will resonate with our customers. We think that having the factory delivery program available to Mercedes customers adds to the overall experience of the customer. â⬠The Design of FDRS The FDRS program was proposed in the first quarter of 1998. In the third quarter of 1998, MBUSI entered into a contract with IBM. A development team was constituted with IBM Global Solutions specialists and IBM e-commerce developers, who worked closely with MBUSI. The program became operational by the first quarter of 1999. The IT team at MBUSI had a clear set of functional specifications for FDRS. However, they relied on IBM to transform the concept into an e-business solution. The FDRS was designed in such a way that customers buying the M-Class SUV could specify that will take delivery of their new vehicle at the factory. They could place the order at any of the 355 Mercedes Benz dealers in the US. An authorized employee at the dealership entered the factory delivery order the web interface. Timing was the most important aspect of the FDRSfunctionality, as it was closely linked with MBUSIs vehicle production schedule. Mercedes Benz United States of America (MBUSA)8, based in Montvale, NJ, was the first link in the FDRS program. It was the point where the dealer actually placed the order. MBUSAs role was to coordinate the distribution of vehicles to dealers across the country. Later, it had to add the order to the companys Baan Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP)9system, which scheduled the order for production. About three months before the production date, the dealer could schedule in a window, the date and time of arrival of the customer at the factory for delivery. The window was then automatically computed by the FDRS to give the dealer, the possible delivery dates. Apart from the delivery date, the customer could also specify the accessories for the car and also request a factory tour. FDRS was based on Lotus Domino (Refer Exhibit I), Lotus Enterprise Integrator10 and IBM Netfinity servers. It also interfaced with IBM S/390 Parallel Enterprise Server, Model 9672-R45 located in Montvale, NJ (Refer Figure I). There were two Domino servers ââ¬â an IBM Netfinity 5500 and an IBM Netfinity 3000. FIGURE I SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE OF FDRS Source: MBUSI The former that acted as the ââ¬Å¾internal Domino serverwas placed behind a firewall 11. It replicated databases through the firewall to the external server. The replication, which was encrypted, represented the primary means by which the FDRS system achieved security. Netfinity 3000 acted as an ââ¬Å¾external Domino server. It had public information and was also the primary communication linkage for dealers. The ack-end of the FDRS was equipped with an Oracle database that updated the internal Domino server database with order information. The updation was done using Lotus Enterprise Integrator. The data which was replicated to the internal Domino server included lists of valid dealers and lists of order numbers. When an order was placed by the dealer on the FDRS system, the data was first stored on the external Domino server, after which it w as replicated to the internal Domino server. Then it was replicated to the back-end database via the Lotus Enterprise Integrator. Data replication between the Lotus Notes servers happened every 15 minutes and data exchange with the back-end database three times per day. There was also a link between the back end database and an IBM S/39012 mainframe based system located at MBUSA via a T113 line. MBUSA managed the flow of vehicles to Mercedes dealers across the United States. This mainframe based system, received new vehicle orders (as opposed to factory delivery reservation requests) from individual dealers. The orders were then sent to MBUSIs Baan system and also to the back-end database. The vehicle ordering and factory reservation data were coordinated with each other when the back-end database uploaded the data to the internal Domino server. This coordinated the production and delivery information. FDRS Implementation One of the most challenging aspects of the implementation seemed to be the complexity of the Lotus and Domino scripts. The development team had to group all the information from diverse systems. Commented William Engelke, ââ¬Å"There was a substantial amount of very complex coding involved in the FDRS solution. This application involves a lot more than having our dealers fill out a form and submitting it. There are many things the servers have to do for the system to function properly, such as looking at calendars and production schedules. We built a solution with some very advanced communication linkages. â⬠IBM faced many technical challenges during the implementation of the program. One of them was the different timing schemes of the Lotus Notes databases and backend databases (ERP). This led to discrepancies in the data. Domino server was a Near Real Time (NRT) Server14, and MBUSIs backend activities were both real time15and batch processing16. Also, to get the best results, the Domino server was an optimised subset of the ERP table set17. However, the development team achieved a balance between the two ââ¬Å¾sidesof the solution by focusing on issues of timing, error detection schemes, and alerts. Customer Satisfaction: FDRS Primary Benefit MBUSI seemed to measure FDRSsuccess in terms of increased satisfaction of its customers. The company also believed that the marketing and customer satisfaction aspects outweighed the significance of more traditional cost-based benefits. Apart from the factory delivery experience, the program also offered the customer a factory tour and ride on the off-road course at a low cost. The company also seemed to gain strategic marketing benefits from the FDRS program, as it was able to establish Mercedes-Benz as a premium brand. (Refer Table I for advantages of FDRS in different areas). Customers could also visit the various tourist spots in Alabama after picking up their M-class vehicles. TABLE I ADVANTAGES OF THE FDRS PROGRAM AREA Strategic Marketing Benefits Cost Savings ADVANTAGES FDRS was expected to improve customer satisfaction and brand loyalty, as it enriched Mercedes customers experience. The program also strengthened the brand image of Mercedes in the US. Development of a web-based solution enabled MBUSI to offer the factory delivery program at substantially lower costs, due to less reliance on administrative personnel. ââ¬Å"Package Marketingâ⬠the FDRS program with a ride to tourist sites, enhanced the image of Alabama as a tourist destination. The creation of a similar ââ¬â albeit smaller ââ¬â factory delivery system to the European Customer Delivery Center in Sindelfingen, Germany, reflected favorably on the MBUSI business unit. Source: MBUSI Regional Economic Development DaimlerChrysler AG Future of FDRS In 2000, MBUSI planned to leverage FDRSplatform by adding a range of other services. MBUSI built an advanced platform to create communication links to its suppliers. Through the link, MBUSI provided them feedback on the quality of supplies it received. The dealers and suppliers had a user-ID and password, which the system recognized. It then routed them into the appropriate stage of the FDRS. The company also planned to extend the innovative system to include transactional applications such as ordering materials and checking order status on the Web. The company expected that the new system based on FDRS, would be more cost-effective than the Electronic Data Interchange (EDI)18 system. ] Bill of Material keeps track of all raw materials, parts, and subassemblies used to create a finished product. 2] A product of IBM Corp. , Lotus Notes and Domino R5 are the industrys leading client/server combination for collaborative messaging and e-business solutions. 3] The IBM Netfinity server offers solutions for file-and-print and application computing needs. 4] A computer or de vice on a network that manages network resources. For example, a file server is a computer and storage device dedicated to storing files. Any user on the network can store files on the server. A print server is a computer that manages one or more printers, and a network server is a computer that manages network traffic. A database server is a computer system that processes database queries. 5] DaimlerChrysler AG was the result of a merger between two leading car manufacturers ââ¬â Daimler Benz of Germany and Chrysler Corp. of the US in 1998. 6] A luxury brand of passenger cars, Sports Utility Vehicles from DaimlerChrysler. 7] IBM Global Services is the services and consultancy division of IBM Corp. that offers extensive ebusiness solutions. 8] MBUSA is the wholly owned US subsidiary of DaimlerChrylser. ] ERP attempts to integrate all departments and functions across a company onto a single computer system that can serve all those different departments particular needs. 10] A server-based data distribution product that enables data exchange between Lotus Domino and a number of host and relational applications. 11] A system designed to prevent unauthorized access to or f rom a private network. Firewalls can be implemented in both hardware and software. Firewalls are frequently used to prevent unauthorized Internet users from accessing private networks connected to the Internet, especially intranets. All messages entering or leaving the intranet pass through the firewall, which examines each message and blocks those that do not meet the specified security criteria. 12] The IBM S/390 servers offer direct high speed access to the e-business application and are used for Enterprise Computing. 13] A dedicated phone connection supporting data rates of 1. 544 Mbits per second. A T1 Line actually consists of 24 individual channels, each of which supports 64 Kbits per second. Each 64 Kbit per second channel can be configured to voice or data traffic. 14] The NRT Server System supports real time distribution of near-real time data. 5] Real time refers to events simulated by a computer at the same speed that they would occur in real life. 16] Executing a series of noninteractive jobs all at one time. The term dates back to the days when users entered programs on punch cards. They gave a batch of these programmed cards to the system operator, who fed them into the computer. Usually, batch jo bs are stored up during working hours and then executed whenever the computer is idle. Batch processing is particularly useful for operations that require the computer or a peripheral device for an extended period of time. Once a batch job begins, it continues until it is done or until an error occurs. Note that batch processing implies that there is no interaction with the user while the program is being executed. 17] The ERP tables are the database tables, (thousands of them), on which the package is built. The programmers and end users must set these tables to match their business processes. Each table has a decision ââ¬Å¾switchthat leads the software down one decision path or another. 18] EDI connects all the suppliers in and out of the US. www. icmrindia. org/free resources/casestudies/Mercedes Benz-ITSystems-Case Studies. htm nancysutton1978http://www.blogger.com/profile/13466797144595454527noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6986203340683280116.post-11425663007819950522020-03-14T22:35:00.001-07:002020-03-14T22:35:03.120-07:00Free Essays on ConvergenceIn todayââ¬â¢s growing world of computer technology we are starting to see many new uses of digital computer technology being applied to existent products, and creating new better products. Those products in fact get combined and integrated into still other products. Just think of the telephone. Once, the earpiece and the microphone piece were separate. Today they come in a variety of flavors. All the telephones have the ear and mouth piece attached together, most telephones have a digital dial pad instead of the old spinning disk thingy that one had to spin around and watch it slowly spin back for every number dialed. Answering machines, which are completely different devices sometimes come built into the telephone. Also, the radio technology is implemented to bring us a new and convenient way to walk around our house with the cordless phone. All these things make our lifestyle more convenient and efficient. Bill Howard talks about his visions for new products in the nea r future due to convergence of current computer technology and other electronic multimedia devices in this article. Bill envisions that ââ¬Å"Your computer, your stereo gear, you cell phone, your PDA, and your telephone are going to start looking like and working with each otherâ⬠. It all sounds very realistic. I already use my computer as a stereo, and a phone. In fact, I almost never use my old stereo to listen to music and I make all of my long distance phone calls over a new service called Dialpad.com. The reason that I canââ¬â¢t use it as a PDA or a cell phone is that they are still too big to be portable. Once a computer is developed the size of todayââ¬â¢s PDAs with the power of a good desktop it will become possible. Of course some of the other devices will be eliminated, like any form of floppy drives or even tape drives. Both will be replaced by DVD-RAM drives that will be able to rewrite to a DVD ROM a very large amount of times. Bill concentrates... Free Essays on Convergence Free Essays on Convergence In todayââ¬â¢s growing world of computer technology we are starting to see many new uses of digital computer technology being applied to existent products, and creating new better products. Those products in fact get combined and integrated into still other products. Just think of the telephone. Once, the earpiece and the microphone piece were separate. Today they come in a variety of flavors. All the telephones have the ear and mouth piece attached together, most telephones have a digital dial pad instead of the old spinning disk thingy that one had to spin around and watch it slowly spin back for every number dialed. Answering machines, which are completely different devices sometimes come built into the telephone. Also, the radio technology is implemented to bring us a new and convenient way to walk around our house with the cordless phone. All these things make our lifestyle more convenient and efficient. Bill Howard talks about his visions for new products in the nea r future due to convergence of current computer technology and other electronic multimedia devices in this article. Bill envisions that ââ¬Å"Your computer, your stereo gear, you cell phone, your PDA, and your telephone are going to start looking like and working with each otherâ⬠. It all sounds very realistic. I already use my computer as a stereo, and a phone. In fact, I almost never use my old stereo to listen to music and I make all of my long distance phone calls over a new service called Dialpad.com. The reason that I canââ¬â¢t use it as a PDA or a cell phone is that they are still too big to be portable. Once a computer is developed the size of todayââ¬â¢s PDAs with the power of a good desktop it will become possible. Of course some of the other devices will be eliminated, like any form of floppy drives or even tape drives. Both will be replaced by DVD-RAM drives that will be able to rewrite to a DVD ROM a very large amount of times. Bill concentrates... nancysutton1978http://www.blogger.com/profile/13466797144595454527noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6986203340683280116.post-31380030496382853842020-02-27T13:01:00.001-08:002020-02-27T13:01:02.637-08:00The doctrine of parliamentary sovereignty EssayThe doctrine of parliamentary sovereignty - Essay Example The urgent question is whether the existing doctrine may assist in adopting the constitution, which would be entrenched against the future amendments and would effectively limit the executive and legislative power in Britain. In this connection it should be mentioned, that despite the fact, that the doctrine is supposed to be the basic principle of the British constitutionalism, it has been recently admitted, that the doctrine becomes more and more inappropriate and unacceptable in the constitutional context, changing because of the British membership in the European Union, higher accents at the human rights and the transition of the legislative rights to the regional legislatures. Despite the absence of the fixed constitutional frames in the written form, which would limit the British Parliament' activity, it has long been admitted that it is impossible to take any political measures for limiting legislative or executive powers. However, it is essential to note, that the British Par liament is now more limited in its rights not on the judicial, but on the political reasons, and the sphere in which it is not able to implement its unlimited powers is increasing. 'When Dicey published The Law of the Constitution in 1885 he defined parliamentary sovereignty as meaning that, 'Parliament has, under the English constitution, the right to make or unmake any law whatever; and further that no person or body is recognised by the law of England as having a right to override or set aside the legislation of Parliament.' (Elliott, 2002) Simultaneously, it is essential to note, that any constitution without future amendments can hardly be adopted in the light of the existing Doctrine. The possible proof for such assumption may lie in the explanation as for the role of courts in the doctrine of Parliamentary sovereignty, which shows that the courts are not able to protect the absurd laws from being adopted, if the process of passing it through the both houses of Parliament has been transparent and legal. 'It has therefore been established that Dicey's doctrine of parliamentary sovereignty is, in theory, true. Parliament, it seems, can make or unmake any law it wishes and no person or body can set aside or override such legislation. However, whether this is actually true in practice remains to be seen.' On the other hand, it is also notable, that when the judges find enough competence and ability to interpret the Parliamentary statutes and acts, it hardly serves for the benefit of the society, as the laws and acts are usually written in such ambiguous wording as to adopt its interpretation to the specific situation; though taking into account the nancysutton1978http://www.blogger.com/profile/13466797144595454527noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6986203340683280116.post-30255222130497946262020-02-11T05:47:00.001-08:002020-02-11T05:47:03.214-08:00International business Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words - 13International business - Essay Example nce, it is an effort to integrate or transverse some of national boundaries that reduce the national barriers and the businesses can compete for productive inputs and customers across the globe. In other words, it can be explained as an effort to reduce national barriers and establish broader market that permits all buyers and sellers to persuade business activities at a global level. The process of globalization can not only be identified as a buzz word but it will provide opportunities to accelerate pace of major business. Despite the fact, globalization will provide greater opportunities for the business to expand its markets, improve the pace of its performance and productivity. Globalization still remains to be one of the debatable and controversial issues in contemporary times. Researchers claim that the globalization is an excellent concept to boost up economic prosperity but elimination of national barriers cannot be attained. It has created a confusion and paradox situation for the business entities to integrate its operations at a global platform. The statement ââ¬ËThe problem with the globalization is that there is not enough of itââ¬â¢ indicates that the concept of globalization is not absolutely attainable that has created problem itself. Therefore, the present essay paper will critically analyze advantages and disadvantages of Globalization to interpret the statement. Werhane (2012) explains globalization as an integration process of national economies within the international economy, through trade flows, foreign direct investments, short capital flows, technologies flow and labor forces (Werhane, 2012). The integration of the economies has increased diversity, complications, and controversies because of its multi dimensional nature. Sebastian and Elisabeta (2014) Claim that with the passage of time globalization stresses on the increasing process of integrations among countries within regional economies and political structures, with respect to nancysutton1978http://www.blogger.com/profile/13466797144595454527noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6986203340683280116.post-17331651625482267562020-01-31T05:14:00.001-08:002020-01-31T05:14:04.199-08:00The Complexity of Relationships Essay Example for Free The Complexity of Relationships Essay What happens when a servant and a master form a secret relationship? Not in the way one would think of but a person who forms a close relationship with their master than necessary are usually looked down upon. Girl with a Pearl Earring talks about the experiences and the relationship Griet forms working for Johannes Vermeer a Dutch painter. From the outside, their relationship looks just like any other servant and master relationship. Looking closer one can see the friendship formed between them. Though it is good that a master and servant have mutual respect for each other, but the problems arise when feelings for the person comes into play. Griet crosses some boundaries when she starts to feel a romantic attraction for Johannes her master. The result can only be heartbreak for a servant who is foolish enough to seek equality with her master. The novel takes place in 1664 Holland where society like any other is based on ones status. Johannes Vermeer is a painter whose income is based on the number of paintings he is commissioned to paint and others that he is able to sell. He does not usually paint more than 3 paintings a year, so Johannes is not wealthy. He also has to support a mother, wife, five children and pay for a maid. Even with his economic situation, he goes out to find and additional servant to clean his studio. This is where Griet comes into the picture. Griet is hired to clean Johannesââ¬â¢s studio but his wife Catharina is not fond of Griet. Griet is aware of her precarious position and states, ââ¬Å"It had been clear from the moment sheââ¬â¢d seen me chopping vegetables in my motherââ¬â¢s kitchen that she disliked me. â⬠(Chevalier, p. 49) Catharina cannot express her opinion or dislike of Griet because she is not making money for the family and is not in charge of making decisions for the family. She can only obey Johannesââ¬â¢s command. Catharina can not afford to make her husband angry as he is the only thing she has. The funny thing is, even Catharina is not allowed into Johannesââ¬â¢s paint studio which tells the reader that Griet is someone Johannes really trusts. Catharina is very jealous of Griet because Griet is the first and only one to help Johannes. As time goes by, Johannes starts to open up more to Griet through his paintings. Griet also shows a great interest in his paintings. Their similar interests draw them closer and they are able to feel more comfortable around each other. Problems arise when they have to keep their friendship away from their families and Catharina. If anyone were to ever find out about their friendship, all the blame would go to Griet for breaking up a family. Due to their society back then, having a relationship between a master and a servant was looked down upon because they would always assume it involved them having an affair. They would only prefer and appreciate a more formal attitude towards each other so they would not cross any boundaries in status and moral values. Through the complexity and intricacies of human social groups, people of society just would not accept having a close relationship with others whom they believe to be lower than they are. Even more problems arise when a wealthy man named van Ruijven asks Johannes to commission a painting of Griet. Van Ruijven is known for molesting servant girls, and so when Johannes is asked to paint Griet, he becomes very worried of this manââ¬â¢s interest in Griet. This shows Johannesââ¬â¢s care for Griet which she will later on misinterpret for something more. Johannes actually just sees her as a maid and a person who is a part of his family. He feels obligation to protect her because of this. Van Ruijvenââ¬â¢s smile made me shiver. There was a long silence. I glanced at my master. He was struggling to maintain a calm expression, but I knew he was angry. (Chevalier, p. 168) Difficulties arise when Griet and Johannes have to lie and hide the fact from others that Johannes has been commissioned to paint Griet. If Catharina were to find out, as much as the painting was asked to be commissioned to van Ruijven, she would not accept it because since Johannes has never painted her, Griet should not have the right to be painted by Johannes. To protect Griet from the consequences, Johannes makes her live in the attic above his painting studio to lessen the suspicion when he has to paint her so she would not have to sneak into the room to be painted. This allows them to be able to spent time alone together when Johannes is painting Griet. Her emotions for him become more evident. Others are able to see Johannesââ¬â¢s protectiveness of Griet as well. You see, competition makes men possessive. He is interested in you part because van Ruijven is. (Chevalier, p. 86) He is trying to protect her from being raped by van Ruijven. When one of Johannesââ¬â¢s friend says this, it makes Griet misinterpret Johannesââ¬â¢s protectiveness for something more than was intended increases her romantic attraction to Johannes. Griet also starts to believe that he starting to like her more than Catharina. When Johannes finishes the painting, he was hoping to quietly show it van Ruijven without anyone knowing or seeing. Things do not go as well as planned when Catharina becomes curious of his paintings and takes a peek at the painting. Catharina realizes the probable relationship between Griet and Johannes. She tries to accuse Griet of stealing her earrings so the others would not know the real problem. Catharina is clearly jealous because he has never painted Catharina or even the children. Griet knew that since their relationship was found out she had to leave. Griet leaves with heartbreak as she wishes that Johannes would come to her defense. I looked up and met his eyes=, holding his grey gaze for a long moment. I knew it was for the last time. I did not look at anyone else. (Chevalier, p. 15) He instead remained silent throughout the entire confrontation and he did not even watch her leave to say goodbye. One can see that Griet should have seen the result of her actions. Heartbreak is the only outcome for a servant who is foolish enough to seek equality with her master. She started off trying to avoid everyone and just do her job to earn money for her family. She ended up having feelings for her master who just thought of her as a member of the family and a maid. Griet misinterpreted Johannesââ¬â¢s intentions which lead to her heartbreak and shame to society. nancysutton1978http://www.blogger.com/profile/13466797144595454527noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6986203340683280116.post-64164635186516659272020-01-23T01:38:00.001-08:002020-01-23T01:38:03.116-08:00Narrative in the Chronicles of a Death Foretold Essay -- essays researNarrative in the Chronicles of a death foretold The novel consists of a detailed history of the circumstances of the murder taken by the narrator, a journalist and former friend of the victim, twenty-seven years after the incident in question. The long range effects of this murder on the citizens of the town in which it occurs, and their unspoken involvement in the crime itself, are revealed in the course of the narratorââ¬â¢s history. The novel tells the story of the narrator's return to the Colombian town to resolve the details of the murder. First person narration throughout, narrator himself is like a detective, exploring ideas, comments. The story itself is based on a real occurrence, but the novel, while seemingly journalistic, uses unreliable information as often as it presents the reader with the facts of the murder. He does not ever clarify whether or not Santiago Nasar was guilty of the crime he died for. It is not given whether Santiago was really d 1 who took Angelaââ¬â¢s virginity. In addition, the novel does not "chronicle" the events as the title leads the reader to expect that it will-the narrative shifts between the past and the present. Because the novel does not answer many questions, it accurately shows the reader how confusing all of the events surrounding the murder were when it occurred. It is a novel tat makes d reader think because the reader has to put all d aspects of murder together bit by bit continuously while reading thus keeping him engrossed in d story. In real life, nobody is ever sure whether the crime had taken place or not. Different people will have different angles of viewing d same crime. The same is true for the narrator he tries to gather as much info as possible about d killing fm ... ...stion of guilt. The town knows that the vicario boys are guilty. Somehow they still have a viable defense. The boys claim that they did these things to get back the honor that Nasar had stolen from them. The Vicario brothers' belief that their sister was done wrong was brought upon by this honor, along with racial and social tension. The dangerous path of both honor and religious faith caused Santiago's untimely death. This was seen as good reason by the town, but it is clear that the boys still have to answer to God. In full, Marquez questions the motive of society. Maybe he is saying that one should stop worshiping something simply because is in front of him and put more faith in his beliefs. Stop putting so much emphasis on a single event and focus on the whole. After all, all of the single events in our lives will eventually lead up to one single moment. nancysutton1978http://www.blogger.com/profile/13466797144595454527noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6986203340683280116.post-2639991650098359452020-01-14T22:00:00.001-08:002020-01-14T22:00:05.538-08:00Interpersonal Communication EssayThe capability of every individual create effective and efficient communicative mechanisms can help prevent the further escalation of a conflict. Each action, movement, speech is important in establishing such idea. Thus, proper facilitation of interpersonal communication can bridge the gap between two parties and help create possibilities for cooperation. Analyzing the problem critically, there are certain communicative lapses present between the parents and the owner of the day care. These lapses tend to create different perceptions and ideas that in the end result into conflict among members of the group. Another issue that can be argued revolves around the responsibility of the owner of the daycare. It has been elaborated that there are only certain parameters of care that the organization has to offer which is mandated by the handbook of DHA. These contending of ideas of how responsibility of care is administered also bring about struggles and conflict that can further impede and deteriorate the process of interpersonal communication. With these, solutions must be created to administer proper changes and facilitate communication. One important aspect to consider is to be sensitive to the situation and cultural background of the individuals. ââ¬Å"A stereotype, a fixed impression about a group, may influence your perceptions of individual members; you may see individuals only as members of the group instead of as unique individuals. â⬠(DeVito, ââ¬ËChapter 4ââ¬â¢, p. 1) The next thing to consider is the importance of creating effective listening skills both to individuals and groups. However, there are many factors that affect the way people listen and comprehend things. ââ¬Å"Members of different cultures vary on a number of communication dimensions that influence listening: speech and language, nonverbal behavioral differences, and preferences for direct and indirect styles of communication. â⬠(DeVito, ââ¬ËChapter 5ââ¬â¢, p. 1) In addition, individuals must be gender sensitive when it comes to listening. ââ¬Å"Men and women may listen differently; generally, women give more specific listening cues to show theyââ¬â¢re listening than do men. â⬠(DeVito, ââ¬ËChapter 5ââ¬â¢, p. 1) Thus, different strategies must be created to facilitate better avenues for listening. The next possible solution can be characterized how people perceive and interpret communication by means of verbal and non-verbal messages. The way to creating effective interpersonal communication is the advancing and merging of both listener and speaker. ââ¬Å"Meaning is more than words and gestures; meaning includes what speaker and listener brings to interpersonal interaction. â⬠(DeVito, ââ¬ËChapter 6ââ¬â¢, p. ) With this, words, gestures and other meanings given are important in establishing interpersonal communication. ââ¬Å"Meanings are context-based; the context heavily influences the meanings that words and gestures are given. â⬠(DeVito, ââ¬ËChapter 6ââ¬â¢, p. 1) Thus, these ideas prove to be a main catalyst in achieving interpersonal communication. The last process in trying to resolve this conflict is the communication process itself. The conversation between the listener and speaker plus the mechanisms that were used can be a vital tool in shaping the outcome of interpersonal communication. ââ¬Å"Maintaining conversations depends on the principle of cooperation; the maxims of quantity, quality, relation, and manner; the principle of dialogue; and the principle of turn taking. â⬠(DeVito, ââ¬ËChapter 9ââ¬â¢, p. 1) With mechanisms in place, conversation may be able to bridge the communication gap brought about by conflict. ââ¬Å"Preventing conversational problems may be aided by the disclaimer, a statement that helps to ensure that your message will be understood and will not reflect negatively on the speaker. â⬠(DeVito, ââ¬ËChapter 9ââ¬â¢, p. 1) In the end, giving solutions to the problem of communication revolves around the capability of an individual to harness and foster efficient and effective mechanisms that will create an environment of understanding, collaboration and sensitivity among the group/s. References DeVito, J. A. (2005) ââ¬ËChapter 4:Perception in Interpersonal Communicationââ¬â¢ in Pearson Education. [on-line] Retrieved December 9, 2007 from http://wpscms. pearsoncmg. com/ab_devito_intrprsnl_11/43/11047/2828208. cw/index. html DeVito, J. A. (2005) ââ¬ËChapter 5: Listening in Interpersonal Communication. In Pearson Education. [on-line] Retrieved December 9, 2007 from http://wpscms. pearsoncmg. com/ab_devito_intrprsnl_11/43/11047/2828276. cw/index. html DeVito, J. A. (2005) ââ¬ËChapter 6: Universals of Verbal and Non-verbal messagesââ¬â¢ in Pearson Education. [on-line] Retrieved December 9, 2007 from http://wpscms. pearsoncmg. com/ab_devito_intrprsnl_11/43/11048/2828345. cw/index. html DeVito, J. A. (2005) ââ¬ËChapter 9: Conversation. ââ¬â¢ in Pearson Education. [on-line] Retrieved December 9, 2007 from http://wpscms. pearsoncmg. com/ab_devito_intrprsnl_11/43/11049/2828563. cw/index. html nancysutton1978http://www.blogger.com/profile/13466797144595454527noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6986203340683280116.post-38547289511701791502020-01-06T18:24:00.001-08:002020-01-06T18:24:04.204-08:00Gender Discrimination in Emergency Medical Services Essay Gender Discrimination in Emergency Medical Services *No Works Cited The tones go off, there is a scramble for shirts, ties, and boots. Dispatch announces a motor vehicle accident five blocks away. EMTs and Paramedics climb into ambulances. Police are reporting multiple personal injuries. There is a rush of adrenaline through all those involved. The street comes alive with flashing red and white lights and screaming sirens. Ambulances tear down the street to the accident scene. They arrive to find four cars involved in a high-speed collision. There are seven people involved in this particular accident. Additional trucks are requested and the original scene repeats itself as three more teams join the first two at the scene.â⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦They speculate about the condition of their patient, the other patients at the scene, and their co-workers. Things are beginning to return to the calmness that exists between calls. Having been exposed to a typical accident scene that most emergency medical personnel are used to working can be somewhat shocking. There are many questions, which arise after working a call like that just described. The one I would like to focus on is what were the names of the EMTs and Paramedics involved in the accident scene depicted? Jeff, Will, and John? Or could they possibly have been Charlene, Lee, and Tracy? Even in todays world of political correctness, there is still a very large gender bias when it comes to certain things, such as Emergency Medical Services (EMS). The number of men in the field is much higher than the number of women. Women, for the most part, are looked at as not being as capable of performing what is required of an Emergency Medical Technician (EMT) or a Paramedic as men are. EMTs and Paramedics are required to make split second, possibly life saving decisions, lift large amounts of weight, and work long hours in all conditions. Since most women are physically smaller than most men are, they are viewed as not being strong enough to lift patients or equipment in many situations. A personal example that proves this point happened toShow MoreRelatedCancer Survivors1298 Words à |à 6 PagesKing, Christopher J, et al. Decomposing Differences in Medical Care Access among Cancer Survivors by Race and Ethnicity. American Journal of Medical Quality: The Official Journal of the American College of Medical Quality, vol. 30, no. 5, Sept. 2015, pp. 459-469. 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This paper will review the impact of the Supreme nancysutton1978http://www.blogger.com/profile/13466797144595454527noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6986203340683280116.post-68777473873339177632019-12-29T14:49:00.001-08:002019-12-29T14:49:03.564-08:00Essay on The American Fast Food Industry - 1420 Words The fast food industry in America has many drawbacks at the cost of supplying food to the American population. Since many people are ignorant of the process their food goes through in order to become the edible meal they consume, American companies easily take advantage of them. In class, we discussed a ââ¬Å"Food Bill of Rightsâ⬠. I believe that this is necessary in order to keep the food industry safe for the American public and environment. The main focus of my ââ¬Å"Food Bill of Rightsâ⬠is to ensure the fast food industry has the American populationââ¬â¢s best interest in mind when producing their food. Whenever we buy a product, weââ¬â¢re relying on both the company being honest with us about its contents as well as government regulations that doâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦The USDA recently issued a warning about Foster Farms, an American West Coast poultry company. They said they had found traces of salmonella in three of the chicken plants owned by Foster Farms. Foster Farms did issue an apology but they did not recall their products. People are continuously getting sick with over 500 illnesses to date. The USDA has not pushed for a recall either because they lack the authority to ban salmonella on chicken. They said the salmonella was growing ââ¬Å"naturallyâ⬠on healthy chickens and all the public had to do was cook the poultry thoroughly in order for it to be safe to eat (Desk). I believe chicken farms like this should be illegal. There is definitely a way to get rid of infected poultry and itââ¬â¢s an investment the USDA should make for research and development in the safety of American food. People really underestimate the effects unhealthy food has on them. There are many reasons people donââ¬â¢t look into the food they consume on a daily basis. The main factors people look for with their food is convenience, price, and taste. Unfortunately these accommodations come at the cost of the sanitary conditions of their f ood. The hardest concept people seem to understand is ââ¬Å"pay now and laterâ⬠. This means that you are paying for your food with money now, and paying with your health later. Most of the fast food restaurants in America today donââ¬â¢t have immediate health risksShow MoreRelatedStrategy And Innovation : American Fast Food Industry3846 Words à |à 16 PagesAND INNOVATION AMERICAN FAST FOOD INDUSTRY Submitted by, SHINEY ELIZABETH GNANAKKAN INTRODUCTION Over the past 3 decades, Fast food has pervaded every nook and corner of the US community. An industry that just began its journey with a very few number of fast food items like hot dogs and hamburgers has now escalated to reach every niche of the country selling a diverse range of food to people of all the category. Though the principle of fast food- serving filling and tasty food at an affordableRead MoreFast Food Nation1487 Words à |à 6 PagesChanging of the Food Industry ââ¬Å"In many respects, the fast food industry embodies the best and worst of American capitalism at the start of the twenty-first century ââ¬â its constant stream of new products and innovations, its widening gulf between gulf between rich and poorâ⬠(Schlosser 6). In 2001 Eric Schlosser published ââ¬Å"Fast Food Nation.â⬠Eric Schlosserââ¬â¢s early 21st century muckraking text, ââ¬Å"Fast Food Nation,â⬠attempts to shed light on the consequences of the fast food industry on American society. TheRead MoreEric Schlossers Fast Food Nation: The Dark Side of the All-American Meal848 Words à |à 4 Pages à à à à à In the book Fast Food Nation, Eric Schlosser writes about the fast food industry. 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He studied American historyRead MoreReview of Eric Schlossers Fast Food Nation780 Words à |à 3 PagesFast food nation We live in a world that is in a continuous process of transformation, considering that progress manages to control all the aspects of individuals life. Being part of a society which is always changing makes it essential for people have to adapt to all these aspects. One of the biggest problems for the American society is that it has no time to eat, since it is always on the run. Fast food came as the greatest solution for this problem. Since the process of modernization of theRead MoreEssay on Challenging Beliefs in Schlossers Fast Food Nation544 Words à |à 3 PagesIn his thought-provoking book, Fast Food Nation, Eric Schlosser argues that Americas fast food franchises have played a major role in contributing to the obesity and ill health of Americans. This paper shows how Schlosser argues that fast food has contributed to uncontrolled development, negatively impacted American culture, and have had a largely negative impact. The effects of Fast Food Nation on American society and politics show that Schlossers thesis is largely convincing, due to both hisRead MoreDon t Blame The Eater Essay1007 Words à |à 5 Pagesthat fast-food industry should accept full responsibility for a serious public problem: leading American kids to obesity. Zinczenko supports his claim with his personal experience to show how the fast-food chains marketing on them with low price. He also said it is not easy for those obese kids to turn their lives back. He believes this should be considered as a public health problem because their obesity causes the society huge public health losses. Zinczenko insists that if fast-food industry doesnââ¬â¢tRead MoreThe Impact Of Nutrition Information On Advertisement Of Fast Food Chains Essay1313 Words à |à 6 Pagesadvertisement of fast food chains The fast food industry in the U.S. has rapidly expanded in the past few decades (Hwang, 2013). In 2014, the industry has created a 3% current value growth, indicating its robust and continued ability in the U.S. market overall (Euromonitor, 2015). This strong increase has largely changed Americansââ¬â¢ lifestyle and eating habits; the amount of money they spend on fast food is more than that on education, readings and videos (Schlosser, 1998). Moreover, the fast food chains spentRead MoreFast Food Nation Chapter One1009 Words à |à 5 PagesFast Food Nation Ch.1 Fast Food Nation: The Darker Side of the All-American Meal is very interesting and stimulating. The author, Eric Schlosser, makes excellent points in all his chapters, for example in the epilogue he describes how we can make a difference and that is by not buying fast food and by going somewhere else to eat. Also is chapter ten, he explains how the fast food industry is like a circus. However, not every chapter is as critical for people to read as chapter one. Chapter oneRead MoreFast Food Is Responsible For The Biggest Legacy Of Food Industry997 Words à |à 4 PagesGolden Arches Fast food is the term given to food that is prepared and served very quickly, first popularized in the 1950s in the United States. The ââ¬Å"fast foodâ⬠term refers to food sold in a restaurant or store with preheated or precooked ingredients, and served to the customer in a packaged form for take-out/take-away. Once you take your first bite you only find yourself coming back for more. Fast food is responsible for the biggest legacy in food industry, plays the biggest role in our economy nancysutton1978http://www.blogger.com/profile/13466797144595454527noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6986203340683280116.post-22237994352265679792019-12-21T10:37:00.001-08:002019-12-21T10:37:04.057-08:00Book Review David And Goliath Genre Non-Fiction Name: Grant Judd Date: 10/5/2017 Period: 1 Book Title: David and Goliath Genre: Non-fiction Author: Malcolm Gladwell Number of Pages: 305 Pages NON-FICTION BOOK REPORT ââ¬Å"The powerful and the strong are not always what they seem.â⬠David and Goliath ââ¬â Underdogs, Misfits and the Art of Battling Giants is an informative and thought-provoking non-fiction book written by Malcolm Gladwell. This 305-page book begins with the Biblical story of David and Goliath, followed by an explanation of how society views this classic battle the wrong way, which prepares readers for its message. This introductory story is followed by nine chapters, each one telling a symbolic story of modern battles between ââ¬Å"David and Goliathâ⬠, in order to persuadeâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦In a broad sense, the audience of David and Goliath is any person who enjoys reading and is knowledgeable about popular books. However, this group is quite different than Gladwells intended audience. Every chapter addresses a different group of people, and since they are directly mentioned, these groups have the most to gain from this book. The groups are given specific examples of people with similar lives and issues as them, and Gladwel l proposes ideas that would benefit them. Specifically, these groups are immigrants, minorities, college students, parents, people with disabilities, war victims, civil rights advocates, and victims of traumatic experiences. Malcolm Gladwell tries to change peopleââ¬â¢s opinion of underdogs, and he tries to help groups in difficult situations. Malcolm Gladwell uses the Biblical story of David and Goliath and other modern-day versions to demonstrate his three main points; that there are disadvantages to advantages, advantages to disadvantages, and that there are some desirable disabilities. Gladwell states that what he was trying to do with his book was get people to take a step back from easy assumptions about what makes the most sense. (2) Another purpose of Malcolm Gladwells book is to convince people never to underestimate any group or individual with a forced weakness or disadvantage. In all nine chapters, there are underdogs facing difficult challenges. The ending of each chapterââ¬â¢s story has underdogs winningShow MoreRelatedOrganisational Theory230255 Words à |à 922 Pages. Organization Theory Challenges and Perspectives John McAuley, Joanne Duberley and Phil Johnson . This book is, to my knowledge, the most comprehensive and reliable guide to organisational theory currently available. What is needed is a text that will give a good idea of the breadth and complexity of this important subject, and this is precisely what McAuley, Duberley and Johnson have provided. They have done some sterling service in bringing together the very diverse strands of workRead MoreStrategic Marketing Management337596 Words à |à 1351 Pages Strategic Marketing Management Dedication This book is dedicated to the authorsââ¬â¢ wives ââ¬â Gillian and Rosie ââ¬â and to Ben Gilligan for their support while it was being written. Acknowledgements Our thanks go to Janice Nunn for all the effort that she put in to the preparation of the manuscript. Strategic Marketing Management Planning, implementation and control Third edition Richard M.S. Wilson Emeritus Professor of Business Administration The Business School Loughborough University nancysutton1978http://www.blogger.com/profile/13466797144595454527noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6986203340683280116.post-51696779835959721922019-12-13T07:08:00.001-08:002019-12-13T07:08:04.503-08:00Computer Games On Critical Thinking Skills Of Adolescence Education Essay Free Essays Presents, the new coevals has begun to develop an involvement in assorted computing machine bet oning activities. It is likely that computing machine games provide satisfaction for the demands, such as to let go of emphasis and as a acquisition procedure tool. Therefore, both kids and grownups are really attracted and addicted to these activities. We will write a custom essay sample on Computer Games On Critical Thinking Skills Of Adolescence Education Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now It is really common for grownups to acquire involved in these computing machine games because drama is a natural manner to larn as it is joyful and can supply the chances to unconsciously incorporate thoughts ( Eow, Wan Zah Wan Ali, Rosnaini Mahmud A ; Roselan Baki, 2009 ) . In add-on, great entree to cyberspace has besides increased these old ages. Most households are able to afford computing machine and internet entree at place. Besides, picture games had besides increased to go one of kids and adolescence ââ¬Ës front-runner, even in grownups every bit good. The gross revenues of video games in the United States have grown systematically between $ 7 billion and $ 7.5 billion in 1999. On the other manus, the worldwide gross revenues had besides increased to $ 20 billion ( Gentile, Lynch, Linder A ; Walsh, 2004 ) . Games have ever been a favorite interest for everyone despite their age and gender. But, how is game defined? Harmonizing to Huizinga ( as cited in Smed A ; Hakonen, 2003 ) , he defined drama as an activity which returns within certain bounds of clip and infinite, in a seeable order, harmonizing to regulations freely accepted, and outside the domain of necessity or material public-service corporation. In add-on, game is defined as an cosmopolitan signifier of diversion which includes any activity of amusement and organize a competition or competition fortunes. A game is comprised of three constituents: the willingness of participants to take part in the game to seek for amusement, regulations that provide bounds for the game, and ends which initiate struggles and competition among the participants. So, computing machine games can be defined as a set of activities that involves one or more participants, with ends, restraints and effects. Harmonizing to Crawford ( as cited in Hasiah Mohamed Omar, Nora Yanti Che Jan A ; Nik Marsyahariani Nik Daud, 2010 ) , all games are comprised of four common factors: representation, interaction, struggle and safety. It is accomplished with the assistance of a computing machine plan, in which the computing machine coordinates the game procedure, exemplify the state of affairs and take part as a participant. There are assorted types of computing machine games designed to suit different participants ââ¬Ë demands and demands, for case, function playing game, educational game, athletics game and amusement game. World of Warcrafts ( WOW ) is the most popular ââ¬Å" massively multiplayer on-line role-playing games â⬠( MMORPGs ) worldwide, with transcending 9 million endorsers from North America and Europe, Australia, New Zealand, China, Korea, Thailand, Malaysia, Taiwan, Hong Kong, and Macau, based on the Blizzard ââ¬Ës official web site. Besides, it is besides the first on-line game to make the gross revenues of over $ 100 million worldwide in the first twelvemonth of production, and besides known as the best-selling Personal computer game in 2005 and 2006 ( Chen A ; Chang, 2008 ) . Games may be harmful to a individual ââ¬Ës wellness, but it may besides lend to an of import function in instruction. It benefits users in larning procedure such as bettering their logical and critical thought and job resolution accomplishments. Besides, it besides assists users in bettering their physiological reactions and hand-eye coordination. Critical thought is acquiring more and more of import as a cognitive undertaking on present yearss. Persons today frequently encountered metric tons of jobs and have an increasing figure of of import determinations to do, which affects themselves and the society. The National Council for Excellence in Critical Thinking defined critical thought as the intellectually disciplined procedure of actively and skillfully gestating, using, analysing, synthesising, and measuring information gathered from observation, experience, contemplation, concluding, or communicating, as a usher to belief and action. There are two factors in critical thought: a set of information, belief generating and processing accomplishments ; and the wont of utilizing those accomplishments to steer action ( Foundation for Critical Thinking, 2009 ; Renaud A ; Murray, 2008 ) . Critical thought is non cosmopolitan as persons have undisciplined and irrational idea. However, it is seen as a self-guided and self-restraining thought in which concluding frequently occurs at the highest degree. Persons with critical thought are able to utilize their rational tools to believe rationally and moderately by forming and analysing ideas in order to do determinations that affect their lives, every bit good as to better their thought and concluding accomplishments ( Schafersman, 1991 ) . Problem Statement In Malaysia, 75.8 % of signifier one pupils in Kuala Lumpur were gamers, whereas the other 24.2 % were non-gamers. It is so reported that out of the 138 male childs being surveyed, 126 ( 91.3 % ) of them were gamers. On the other manus, 53 out of 98 ( 54.1 % ) miss being surveyed were besides gamers. This research showed that male childs have a higher per centum to be gamers than misss. Computer games do non merely act as the involvement among adolescence, it besides acted as a acquisition tool where brainstorming and critical thought develops. Therefore, it is non surprising that the signifier one pupils are so indulged in it ( Eow, Wan Zah Wan Ali, Rosnaini Mahmud A ; Roselan Baki, 2009 ) . In a study on Institute of Higher Learning ( IHL ) pupils ââ¬Ë exposure to computing machine games in Malaysia, it is reported that 36.8 % of pupils were exposed to computing machine games at the age of 10 to 12, 21.1 % at the age of 7 to 9, and 7 % at the age of 16 to 18. About 80 % preferred to play card and arcade games, followed by action games ( 69.2 % ) , function playing games ( 63.1 % ) , puzzle games ( 50.8 % ) , scheme games ( 26.2 % ) and sport games ( 21.5 % ) . This statistics revealed that the pupils at IHL have a penchant for games that enhance their high-order thought accomplishments ( Hasiah Mohamed Omar, Nora Yanti Che Jan A ; Nik Marsyahariani Nik Daud, 2010 ) . Excessive exposure to computing machine games can be risky as it may impact wellness and even take to decease. In Beijing, a adult male in his mid-thirtiess was found abruptly after an inordinate three-day gambling indulgence in 2007. Deaths by bet oning have besides been reported in Hong Kong, a 28-year-old adult male and a 17-year-old male child died within a twelvemonth of each other while playing the first-person taw game. In the U.S, a adult male died a hebdomad after he played Nintendo. On the other manus, in South Korea, a adult male died four yearss subsequently after exposure to inordinate on-line games. Harmonizing to Dr. Maressa Orzack ( as cited in Lee, 2009 ) , ââ¬Å" our society is going more computing machine dependant non merely for information, but besides for merriment and amusement, this tendency is a possible job impacting all ages, get downing with computing machine games for childs. â⬠Numerous surveies had revealed a consistent negative correlativity between sums of picture games played and school public presentation of kids, adolescence, and college pupils. Harmonizing to the informations, adolescence and college pupils who spent more clip on games are more likely to hold poorer classs in categories, compared to non-gamers. Besides, the content of games besides played an of import function. Based on recent analyses, approximately 89 % of games contain some violent content in which half of the games presented heavy force. Spending excessively much clip on these force games can bring forth strong negative effects on the gamer. For case, additions aggressive behaviors, ideas and emotions ; desensitisation to real-life force, increases physiological rousing and decreases societal behavior ( Gentile, Lynch, Linder A ; Walsh, 2004 ) . The effects are proven by informations collected from functional magnetic resonance imagination scan ( functional magnetic resonance im aging ) . It showed that there is activation in the amygdaloid nucleus when the adolescents are playing games, but less activation in the concentration portion of the encephalon ( Carney, 2008 ) . Other than that, video games can besides do several other effects such as fleshiness in kids, societal isolation and physiological wellness jobs. Obesity is hazardous because it affects one ââ¬Ës wellness to the extreme. When kids spend most of their clip sitting and bet oning, they do non even bother to acquire up or hold a walk outside. Hence, opportunities of acquiring corpulence are ineluctable if they do non do any alterations with their lives. In the same state of affairs, the longer the clip they caught up in gambling activities, the more opportunities of them to lose socialisation accomplishments or connexion with the outside universe. Face-to face socialisation will be reduced since they can hold interaction with others through the Internet. Therefore, these kids will bit by bit go socially stray someday. Furthermore, physiological jobs such as GI jobs, sickness and concerns, attending jobs such as Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ( ADHD ) , addition in both emoti onal and behavioral upset symptoms, diminutions in verbal memory public presentation, and decreased sum of slumber ( AddictionBlog.org, 2010 ; Cultrona, 2010 ) . Frand ( as cited in Roselan Baki, Eow, Wan Zah Wan Ali, Rosnaini Mahmud A ; Mohd. Sahandri Gani Hamzah, 2008 ) discovered that computing machine games and cyberspace are really of import to the younger coevals as they depended and remain connected with it most of their clip. However, other research workers claimed that picture games are no longer a interest for adolescence as it works as a larning tool in which it enhances computing machine literacy, ocular attending, job resolution and reaction clip. In add-on, Gee ( as cited in Roselan Baki, Eow, Wan Zah Wan Ali, Rosnaini Mahmud A ; Mohd. Sahandri Gani Hamzah, 2008 ) mentioned that video game can be a learning tool integrated into schoolroom acquisition since kids today frequently play games. Harmonizing to him, ââ¬Å" when childs play videogames they experience a much more powerful signifier of larning than when they are in the schoolroom â⬠. Besides, the benefits that one could obtain from computing machine games include chance for practical socialization ; larning about other participants ââ¬Ë civilizations and life styles ; prosecute in high-order thought accomplishment ; gathers general cognition ; and even increasing the linguistic communication larning chance. Therefore, it is suggested that instructors in school should admit the benefits of games on cognitive development of the pupils by organizing learning methods that helps to reassign the accomplishments and schemes to the pupils ( Roselan Baki, Eow, Wan Zah Wan Ali, Rosnaini Mahmud A ; Mohd. Sahandri Gani Hamzah, 2008 ) . Conceptual Model Gender *Independent Variable* Male Female Critical Thinking Skills *Dependent Variable* Duration of games played per twenty-four hours *Independent Variable* Type of Games *Independent Variable* Strategy Game 1. lt ; 2 hours Arcade Game 2. 3 ââ¬â 6 hours Card and Board Game 3. 7 ââ¬â 10 hours Shooting Game 4. 11 ââ¬â 13 hours Word and Puzzle Game 5. gt ; 14 hours Role-Playing Game The chief model of this research is focused on how computing machine games can be of import determiners of the development of critical thought accomplishments in adolescence. Three variables: gender, type of games and continuance of games played per twenty-four hours will be examined and they act as an independent variable in this research. The type of games will be categorized into six classs such as scheme, arcade, card and board, word and mystifier, shot, and role-playing games. Each of these independent variables will be surveyed whether it plays a function in developing or bettering critical thought accomplishments in adolescence. Theoretical Model John Dewey ââ¬Ës Definition of Critical Thinking Harmonizing to John Dewey, critical thought is viewed as ââ¬Ëreflective thought ââ¬Ë and it is defined as an ââ¬Å" active, relentless, and careful consideration of a belief or supposed signifier of cognition in the visible radiation of the evidences which support it and the farther decisions to which it tends ( as cited in Jaimes, 2005 ) . â⬠Robert Ennis ââ¬Ës Definition of Critical Thinking A widely used definition of critical thought was developed by Robert Ennis whom so defined critical thought as ââ¬Å" sensible, brooding thought that is focused on make up oneââ¬â¢s minding what to believe or make ( Fisher, 2001 ) . â⬠Moore and Parker ââ¬Ës Definition of Critical Thinking Harmonizing to Moore and Parker, critical thought is defined as ââ¬Å" the careful, calculated finding of whether we should accept, reject, or suspend judgement about a claim, and the grade of assurance with which we accept or reject it ( The Critical Thinking Co Staff, 2005 ) . â⬠Mathew Lipman ââ¬Ës Definition of Critical Thinking In Lipman ââ¬Ës position, critical thought is seen as a more complex procedure than ordinary thought. Lipman defines critical thought as a adept and responsible idea that helps to build better judgemental accomplishments. Harmonizing to Lipman, critical thought accomplishments are applied in a given context in order to assist separate between the most relevant and less relevant information received. Therefore, critical thought represents a tool for countering sentiments ( noncritical thought ) and thoughtless behavior. Apart from that, Lipman argues that critical thought ââ¬Å" protects us from being coerced or brainwashed into believing what others want us to believe without holding the chance to ask for ourselves. â⬠( Murchu A ; Muirhead, 2005 ; Daniel, Splitter, Slade, Lafortune, Pallascio A ; Mongeau, 2004 ) . Critical thought is thought to develop based on four classs: conceptualization, concluding, generalization and research. In Lipman ââ¬Ës point of view, critical thought develops based on three standards: ( 1 ) Use of peculiar standards, whereby a individual who uses peculiar standards of his or her ain critical thought accomplishments to measure the footings of statements ; ( 2 ) Self-correction, in the sense that persons are capable of transporting out an active geographic expedition for the mistake they make with the aid of self-correction in their head ; ( 3 ) Sensitivity to context, in which the flexible ideas helps persons to place assorted applications of regulations and rules for different state of affairss ( Daniel, Splitter, Slade, Lafortune, Pallascio A ; Mongeau, 2004 ) . Edward Glaser ââ¬Ës Definition of Critical Thinking Critical thought was defined by Edward Glaser in 1941 as the ability to believe critically which involves three constituents: ( 1 ) an attitude of being disposed to see in a thoughtful manner the jobs and topics that come within the scope of one ââ¬Ës experience, ( 2 ) holding the cognition of the methods for logical enquiry and logical thinking, and ( 3 ) the accomplishments required in using those methods. Harmonizing to Glaser, critical thought is a utile cognitive tool with a scope of abilities such as to acknowledge jobs, to happen solutions for the jobs, to garner information, to acknowledge the unexpressed premises, to grok and utilize linguistic communication with truth, to construe informations, to measure grounds, to measure statements, to acknowledge logical relationships between propositions, to pull and prove decisions, to retrace forms of beliefs, and to render opinions ( Foundation for Critical Thinking, 2009 ; Fisher, 2001 ) . Bloom ââ¬Ës Taxonomy of Learning Domains The well known Bloom ââ¬Ës Taxonomy was originally formulated by Benjamin Bloom in 1956. This theoretical account was chiefly created for educational intents in developing critical thought accomplishments in pupils. It serves as a checklist that provides construction for planning, planing, measuring and measuring preparation and larning effectivity. There were three chief spheres identified: cognitive, affectional, and psychomotor. The cognitive sphere is comprised of six degrees which were organized from the simplest to the most complex: Knowledge, Comprehension, Application, Analysis, Synthesis, and Evaluation ( Big Dog A ; Little Dog ââ¬Ës Performance Juxtaposition, 2009 ; BusinessBalls.com, 2009 ; Bellis, 2010 ) . Knowledge refers to the retrieval of informations or antecedently learned information such as the acknowledgment of specific facts to finish theories. Although it is the start for higher degree of believing development, nevertheless, it is besides the lowest degree of larning results in the sphere. Comprehension, on the other manus, refers to the ability to grok, construe, and understand the significance of information antecedently learned. If an person can grok rules and theories, it so contributes to future job work outing or determination devising in the work topographic point. It represents the lowest degree of understanding in the hierarchy. Application is defined as the usage of erudite stuff in a novel and concrete state of affairs. In other words, it involves choice and interlingual rendition of constructs, rules and theories into work outing a undertaking or job. It therefore requires a higher degree of understanding in this degree ( Hammond, 2007 ) . Analysis refers to the ability to acknowledge and separate stuffs learned into constituent parts, analyze the relationships between parts and recognize the organisation rules involved. It is in this degree that critical thought and job work outing gets involved. Besides, an apprehension of both content and structural signifier of stuff are besides involved. As for the degree of synthesis, it is the ability to organize a new construction ( i.e. , program, proposal ) from several little constituent parts, such as uniting thoughts. Emphasis on the preparation of new constructions is seen as the larning results in synthesis. Evaluation refers to the opinions made about the stuffs ââ¬Ë value for a given intent. The acquisition results are the highest among the hierarchy because they comprised of elements from all of the other degrees in the taxonomy. Besides, it besides contains witting value opinions based on clearly defined standards ( Huitt, 2009 ; Instructional Design Knowledge Bas e, n.d ) . However, Bloom ââ¬Ës taxonomy has been criticized by professional critics. They commented that this hierarchy merely focuses on the idea processes itself and non sing how these procedures may work otherwise on several different informations or state of affairss. They besides mentioned that the knowledge-level of thought can non be assumed as less demanding than application-level thought ( Harmon A ; Jones, 2005 ) . On the other manus, Marzano pointed out that the construction of the taxonomy traveling from simplest degree of cognition to hard degree of rating has no supports from research surveies ( Intel Education, n.d. ) . Core Critical Thinking Skills ( Peter A. Facione ) Peter Facione conducted a Delphi undertaking with a group of critical thought experts and identified the nucleus elements of critical thought, known as the nucleus critical thought accomplishments. Harmonizing to the panel of experts, the nucleus of critical thought accomplishments can be divided into six cognitive accomplishments: reading, analysis, rating, illation, account, and self-regulation. Based on the experts ââ¬Ë consensus statements, reading is defined as the ability ââ¬Å" to grok and show the significance or significance of a broad assortment of experiences, state of affairss, informations, events, judgements, conventions, beliefs, regulations, processs, or standards. â⬠The sub-skills include classification, decrypting significance, and clear uping significance. Analysis, on the other manus, is ââ¬Å" to place intended and existent illative relationships among statements, inquiries, constructs, descriptions, or other signifiers of representation that is intend ed to show belief, opinion, experiences, grounds, information, or sentiments. â⬠The sub-skills include scrutiny of thoughts, sensing of statements, and analysis of statements ( Facione, 1990 ) . The 3rd accomplishment, rating, is ââ¬Å" to measure the credibleness of statements or other representations which are histories or descriptions of a individual ââ¬Ës perceptual experience, experience, state of affairs, opinion, belief, or sentiment ; and to measure the logical strength of the existent or intended illative relationships among statements, descriptions, inquiries or other signifiers of representation. â⬠It includes the sub-skills of measuring claims and measuring statements. Inference is defined as the accomplishments ââ¬Å" to place and procure elements needed to pull sensible decisions ; to organize speculations and hypotheses ; to see relevant information and to evoke the effects fluxing from informations, statements, rules, grounds, opinions, beliefs, sentiments, constructs, descriptions, inquiries, or other signifiers of representation. â⬠The sub-skills include questioning grounds, speculating options, and pulling decisions. Explanation refers to the ability ââ¬Å" to province the consequences of one ââ¬Ës logical thinking ; to warrant that concluding in footings of the evidentiary, conceptual, methodological, criteriological, and contextual considerations upon which 1 ââ¬Ës consequences were based ; and to show one ââ¬Ës logical thinking in the signifier of telling statements. â⬠Sub-skills of account include description of consequences, warranting processs, and showing statements. The last accomplishments which is known as self-regulation, is besides the most singular accomplishments among all six accomplishments. Experts define it as ââ¬Å" self-consciously to supervise one ââ¬Ës cognitive activities, the elements used in those activities, and the consequences educed, peculiarly by using accomplishments in analysis, and rating to one ââ¬Ës ain illative opinions with a position toward oppugning, corroborating, proof, or rectifying either one ââ¬Ës concluding or one ââ¬Ës con sequences. â⬠The sub-skills include the introspection and self-correction ( Facione, 2010 ) . A Stage Theory of Critical Thinking ( Linda Elder with Richard Paul ) A phase theory of critical thought development was originally developed by Linda Elder with Richard Paul ( Gakushuu, 2010 ) . Six phases were involved in this theory: 1 ) the unthinking mind, 2 ) the challenged mind, 3 ) the beginning mind, 4 ) the practicing mind, 5 ) the advanced mind, and 6 ) the maestro mind. In phase one, unthinking minds fail to detect the important jobs existed in their thought, such as doing premises, organizing constructs and sentiments, and pulling illations. In other words, they are incognizant of the lucidity, truth and relevancy of their ideas. Unreflective minds are deficiency of the accomplishments and cognition to measure their thought and better it. In add-on, self-monitoring idea is unequal which makes them unable to recognize their prejudice belief. In phase two, the challenged mind becomes cognizant of the jobs in believing and may try to better and develop consciousness of the appraisals of believing even though they have limited accomplishments in thought. Besides, their deceptive ideas can lead on them to believe that they have better thought accomplishments. Therefore, it leads them to extinguish other jobs in their thought imperceptibly ( Cournoyer, 2008 ; Worldwide Centre for Organisational Development, 2008 ) . In phase three, the beginning mind starts to understand the importance of egoistic function in believing. They have sufficient believing ability to assist them self-monitor their ideas so that they can place bias and biased beliefs. Practicing minds in phase four acknowledge the necessity to execute regular systematic pattern in believing. They besides become more knowing of the demands for regularly monitoring and measuring their ideas. In add-on, they frequently monitor their egoistic thought actively ( Foundation for Critical Thinking, 2009 ) . In phase five, advanced minds have developed apprehensions of jobs at deeper degrees of ideas. However, they are non ready yet to hold consistent high degree believing. They besides have important penetrations into the function of egoistic ideas and the control over the ideas. In phase five, maestro minds exhibit highest degrees of critical thought and continual betterment of their ideas. They develop consistent self-monitoring ideas, and are able to pull off the strengths and failings of their ideas ( Foundation for Critical Thinking, 2009 ; Worldwide Centre for Organisational Development, 2008 ) . The Elementss of Thought ( Richard Paul ) Richard Paul formulated this theoretical account by placing the eight elements as the basic edifice blocks of productive thought. It is composed of eight elements including intent, inquiry at issue, point of position, premises, information, constructs, reading and illation, deductions and effects. Combination of all these eight elements will supply a general logic to logical thinking. The component ââ¬Å" Purpose â⬠suggests that all concluding involves a intent or end. It is of import to clear up the conflicting intents as each single develops different intents in concluding. It is besides of import to find the best intent and non-critical thought motivations that one has. ââ¬Å" Question at Issue â⬠refers to the effort of concluding an issue by inquiring some inquiries. Therefore, issue ever raise a inquiry. The inquiries formulated will be answered or solved by one ââ¬Ës concluding procedure. However, before replying the inquiries, one should clearly place the significance of each inquiry. If possible, one should besides find the inquiries as holding one correct reply, or involves sentiments. ââ¬Å" Point of View â⬠includes the position sing an issue and how people are influenced by their ain point of position when logical thinking. Persons should place their ain point of position, every bit good as others in order to find the strengths a nd failings ââ¬Å" Premises â⬠are unexpressed grounds which predict decisions. It is suggested that people need to take things for granted in their logical thinking procedure to do several premises. However, one should clear up the premises made and so merely find its justification. ââ¬Å" Information â⬠requires important groundss that showed logical thinking is acceptable. It is highly of import to garner informations and facts in happening supports and cogent evidence for separating sentiments and grounds. In add-on, it is besides necessary to see the lucidity, truth, and relevancy of the groundss. Experience may besides lend to concluding procedure. ââ¬Å" Concepts â⬠suggest that the usage of constructs and thoughts including rules, Torahs, theories, definitions, and theoretical accounts are needfully required in concluding procedure. Besides, it is besides important to see alternate constructs before make up oneââ¬â¢s minding on which to utilize, and to place the luci dity of the constructs. ââ¬Å" Interpretation and illation â⬠involves pulling decisions and happening solution through concluding procedure by the receiving system. The decisions one concept is dependent on the illations that one has made. It is of import to deduce harmonizing to the evidentiary supports and the consistence of illations should be taken into history every bit good. ââ¬Å" Deductions and Consequences â⬠suggest the significance for sing the deductions and effects of concluding. Deductions are decisions drawn from the transmitter and formed by concluding. Therefore, it is of import that one should see both positive and negative deductions and all possible effects ( Paul, 1992 ; Santa Rosa Junior College, 2010 ) . Literature Review Gender and Critical Thinking Skills Type of Games and Critical Thinking Skills Duration of games played per twenty-four hours and Critical Thinking Skills Research Hypothesiss Three void hypotheses are formulated: H01 = There is no important difference between gender and critical thought accomplishments among adolescence H02 = There is no important difference between types of games and critical thought accomplishments among adolescence H03 = There is no relationship between the continuance of games played per twenty-four hours and critical thought accomplishments among adolescence Research Aims To find the differences in critical thought between males and females. To find the differences between critical thought and several types of games played. To look into the relationship between critical thought and the continuance of games played per twenty-four hours. Research Questions Is there a important difference in critical thought between males and females? Is there a important difference between critical thought and several types of games played? Is there a relationship between critical thought and the continuance of games played per twenty-four hours? Operational Definition Critical Thinking Tonss obtained from The Halpern Critical Thinking Assessment Using Everyday Situations ( HCTAES ) Methodology Sampling A sample size of 0.38 % adolescence from around 100000 populations of secondary school in Kuala Lumpur will be selected utilizing the multistage bunch trying method. Therefore, a sample of 400 participants with approximative 240 males and 160 females at the ages runing from 13 to 17 old ages old will be indiscriminately selected ( Krejcie A ; Morgan, as cited in Key, 1997 ; Bahagian Perancangan Dan Penyelidikan Dasar Pendidikan, 2007 ) . First of all, six territories will be indiscriminately selected from 20 territories in Kuala Lumpur. The selected six territories will so be divided into school blocks, which there are 20 blocks in each territory. Four blocks will be indiscriminately selected. Following, split the blocks schools with 40 schools in each block and two schools will be selected indiscriminately. In each school, eight respondents will be indiscriminately selected to take part in this study research. The principle of taking multistage bunch sampling is that it provides a generalisation of the study findings of the population. In add-on, this trying method besides minimizes the possibility of prejudices in response of the study. Data Collection Procedure The information will be collected utilizing face-to-face interview with the participants. The research workers will do assignments with the participants selected in order to run into them in individual. Since there are two questionnaires ( i.e. , Computer Games Questionnaire and The Halpern Critical Thinking Assessment Using Everyday Situations ) needed to administer in this research, therefore the same group of participants selected will be expected to make full up the two questionnaires, one after the other, on the same twenty-four hours of interview. The research workers will be in the same room with the participants to do certain that they fill up both questionnaires, with the Computer Games Questionnaire foremost. After the interview, all the questionnaires will be collected for farther informations analysis. Instruments Demographic Form There are 10 inquiries formulated in the demographic signifier. The participants will be asked of the types of games that they preferred or engaged in playing most frequently. For case, scheme games, arcade games, card and board games, word and mystifier games, hiting games and role-playing games. Based on the different class of games, six inquiries are formed with graduated tables runing from neââ¬â¢er, rarely, sometimes, often, and frequently. Furthermore, the continuance of clip that they engaged in the gambling activities per twenty-four hours will besides be asked in the questionnaire. Few options of the clip continuance are categorized as less than 2 hours, 3 to 6 hours, 7 to 10 hours, 11 to 13 hours and more than 14 hours per twenty-four hours. Other than that, the last inquiry requires the participant to analyse themselves as which type of computing machine game participant, with options such as non-computer, novice, occasional, frequent, and expert computing machine game participant. The Halpern Critical Thinking Assessment Using Everyday Situations ( HCTAES ) This instrument was late developed by Halpern and is composed of two response formats such as unfastened and closed ( Nieto A ; Saiz, 2008 ) . Halpern made an effort to unite both the multiple-choice and open-ended inquiries into a individual measuring tool due to restrictions of each response format. The trial is considered less structured but it presents more life-like state of affairss by utilizing inquiries that are set in reliable and credible contexts to mensurate critical thought accomplishments. HCTAES is a measuring tool which comprises of 25 scenario-based inquiries on day-to-day life, with each inquiries dwelling of both open-ended and multiple-choice responses necessitating judgement and rating. There are a sum of 50 inquiries formulated in the trial. In the open-ended responses, it is aimed to prove the strategic usage of believing accomplishments and the ability to self-construct possible solutions without any intimations given, or known as measurings of ââ¬Å" free callback. â⬠For illustration, there will be a ââ¬ËYes ââ¬Ë or ââ¬ËNo ââ¬Ë inquiry and a short reply inquiry given in this subdivision. On the other manus, the multiple-choice responses measures ââ¬Å" acknowledgment memory â⬠whereby seeking and choice of appropriate cognition and accomplishments from participants ââ¬Ë memory are indispensable in assisting them to happen an appropriate reply from a list of options given. Other than supplying inquiries with several options to take from, Likert graduated table or 7-point graduated table is every bit good formulated in this subdivision. In add-on, the open-ended responses will be the first portion in each inquiry and participants are besides required to react to it foremost before they get to reply the multiple-choice portion. The intent of the inquiries formulated in this trial is to mensurate five types of critical thought accomplishments including verbal logical thinking ( i.e. , acknowledgment of the usage of permeant and deceptive linguistic communication ) , argument analysis ( i.e. , acknowledgment of grounds and decisions in statements ) , hypothesis testing ( i.e. , understand the sample size, generalisations ) , utilizing likeliness and uncertainness ( i.e. , using relevant rules of chance, base rates ) , every bit good as determination devising and job resolution ( i.e. , placing the job end, bring forthing and selecting solutions among options ) . Several groundss of the convergent and divergent cogency of the trial had been reported in surveies with assorted samples of American pupils. However, the dependability coefficients ( Cronbach ââ¬Ës Ià ± ) had reported between 0.81 and 0.82 for survey with different groups of pupils ( Ku, 2009 ; Ku A ; Ho, 2010 ) . Datas Analysis The void hypothesis in this research will be tested with one-way ANOVA and independent t-test on gender differences and types of games with critical thought in adolescence. In order to prove if there is any difference between types of games and critical thought, one-way ANOVA with alpha-level 0.05 will be used. The ground is that there are more than two classs of games that are being surveyed, such as scheme, arcade, word and mystifier, role-playing, card and board, and hiting games. Besides that, t-test is chosen to analyse the differences between genders in critical thought. The independent t-test with alpha-level 0.05 will be used since there is no matching required in this research. In add-on, it will be a two-tailed t-test as the relationships between genders are non-directional. Last, a correlational trial will be used to analyse the relationship between continuance of games played per twenty-four hours and critical thought. 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Retrieved April 12, 2010, from hypertext transfer protocol: //www.freeinquiry.com/critical-thinking.html Smed, J. , A ; Hakonen, H. ( 2003 ) . Towards a Definition of a Computer Game. Turku Centre for Computer Science, 553, 3-6. The Critical Thinking Co Staff. ( 2005 ) . What is Critical Thinking? ââ¬â Critical Thinking Definition. Retrieved May 24, 2010, from hypertext transfer protocol: //www.criticalthinking.com/company/articles/critical-thinking-definition.jsp Worldwide Centre for Organisational Development. ( 2008 ) . Critical Thinking: Phases in Developing Critical Thinking. Retrieved April 19, 2010, from hypertext transfer protocol: //talentspotters.org/downloads/CRITICAL-THINKING.pdf How to cite Computer Games On Critical Thinking Skills Of Adolescence Education Essay, Essay examples nancysutton1978http://www.blogger.com/profile/13466797144595454527noreply@blogger.com0